In  “Ithaka” Kavafy indirectly refers to Homer’s “Odyssey”, the tale of a Greek hero, Odysseus, and his journey home to Ithaka. While Kavafy does not directly refer to Homer’s tale, he uses Odysseus’ journey as an allegory. The poet makes use of second person narrative throughout his poem as this technique helps the readers to better connect with the poem by being directly addressed. For example, when it says, “As you set out for Ithaka/… hope your road is a long one”, one feels as though they are in a conversation with the poet. Alternatively, the voice of poem may be interpreted as using the second person narrative to indirectly address Odysseus during his long trek back home.

Throughout the poem, Kavafy carries a jaunty and motivational tone that gives an atmosphere of lightheartedness. In a sense, the voice urges readers to be moral, but it is not an overly preaching voice. This is shown in  the lines:  “don’t be afraid of them”, “buy fine things” and “arriving there is what you are destined for”. It gives off the sense that the poet is giving you instructions that he promises will bring you happiness and fulfillment.